Makarski, Krzysztof; Tyrowicz, Joanna; Rutkowski, Artur - 2020
economic policy. Moreover, standard structural models with fully rational agents suggest that about 50-60 percent of old-age … inconsistent with either the data, or the alarming simulations of old-age poverty in the years to come. Oldage saving (OAS) schemes … at old age. Unfortunately, these instruments are fiscally costly, induce considerable crowd-out and direct fiscal …