This paper examines the extent to which childhood circumstances contribute to health inequality in old age and how the … health, self-rated health to mortality. Our analytic sample includes about 8,000 Chinese persons age above 60. Using the … in old age across multiple health outcomes. Second, while both direct health-related circumstances and indirect health …

This paper examines the extent to which childhood circumstances contribute to health inequality in old age and how the … health, self-rated health to mortality. Our analytic sample includes about 8,000 Chinese persons age above 60. Using the … in old age across multiple health outcomes. Second, while both direct health-related circumstances and indirect health …

a 0.1 standard deviation increase in test scores, but only for girls. We show that a reason for the gender … water provision to narrow test score gaps across countries and, within countries, across gender. …

systems. In this study, we ask if high-stakes testing affects school-related stress among students and if there are gender … that high-stakes testing increases the gender gap in school-related stress. The results are robust to a range of …

the age of 50 by parental income for men. However, the longevity gains of men from low-income families seem to have come … disparities in mortality in Finland,where the tracking age was raised from 11 to 16 in the 1970s. We use a difference … at the cost of increased mortality among men who grew up in high-income families. This raises questions about the welfare …

insensitive to adjustments for employment selection, as well as time and age effects that vary by race and state-of-residence. The …

insensitive to adjustments for employment selection, as well as time and age effects that vary by race and state-of-residence. The …

This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages …, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and … openness on the gender wage gap remained observable in later years (1980, 1990 and 2000), although it decreased in degree over …

This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages …, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and … openness on the gender wage gap remained observable in later years (1980, 1990 and 2000), although it decreased in degree over …