Using data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey, this study investigates China's income-health gradient by … analyzing the effect of both current and long-term household income on 22 blood-based biomarkers, 4 used as individual variables … income-health gradient irrespective of whether the income measure is current or long term. Because risky behavior may …

Using data from the 2009 China Health and Nutrition Survey, this study investigates China's income-health gradient by … analyzing the effect of both current and long-term household income on 22 blood-based biomarkers, 4 used as individual variables … income-health gradient irrespective of whether the income measure is current or long term. Because risky behavior may …

Many literatures investigate the causal impact of income on economic outcomes, for example in the context of … industry affiliation as an instrument for income. We demonstrate that industry affiliation is correlated with fixed individual …

This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages …, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and … openness on the gender wage gap remained observable in later years (1980, 1990 and 2000), although it decreased in degree over …

driving the gender wage gap, in particular compensating wage differentials. These results inform an analysis of sex pay … significant determinant of the gender wage gap. Taste-based discrimination mechanisms appear to be significant as well, but small …

This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages …, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and … openness on the gender wage gap remained observable in later years (1980, 1990 and 2000), although it decreased in degree over …

Based on a dynamic life cycle model, this study analyzes health-related risks of consumption and old-age poverty. The … annual consumption of 9.8% and account for more than two-thirds of the cases of old-age poverty. Annuity markets that account … decrease old-age poverty. A policy analysis of minimum pension benefits indicates that a means test mitigates the associated …

Based on a dynamic life cycle model, this study analyzes health-related risks of consumption and old-age poverty. The … annual consumption of about 10% and account for more than two-thirds of the cases of old-age poverty. Annuity markets that … decrease old-age poverty. A policy analysis of minimum pension benefits indicates that a means test mitigates the associated …