Many literatures investigate the causal impact of income on economic outcomes, for example in the context of … industry affiliation as an instrument for income. We demonstrate that industry affiliation is correlated with fixed individual …

This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages …, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and … openness on the gender wage gap remained observable in later years (1980, 1990 and 2000), although it decreased in degree over …

This study quantifies gender-specific differences in retirement income in Germany, Denmark, and France. We show that … gender-specific differences in health, i.e. the so-called "gender health gap", in the same age group. Self-assessed general … the "gender pension gap" in Germany is higher than in France and much higher than in Denmark. This ranking is similar to …

driving the gender wage gap, in particular compensating wage differentials. These results inform an analysis of sex pay … significant determinant of the gender wage gap. Taste-based discrimination mechanisms appear to be significant as well, but small …

This paper uses cross-country data to examine the long-term effect of trade openness on the gender gaps in wages …, education, political empowerment and health. Key findings are: trade openness since 1970 reduced the gender gaps in wages and … openness on the gender wage gap remained observable in later years (1980, 1990 and 2000), although it decreased in degree over …

The aim of the study is to estimate the unexplained gender pay gap in the individual departments of the selected … differences. We systematically examined the gender wage differences within one occupation. To estimate the unexplained part of the … gender pay gap, we used the average treatment effect on the treated (ATT) and to identify the causes of the possible …

presents to assess how far we have come toward gender equality in medicine and how painfully far away that goal still is …

strongly and consistently show that the introduction of TRAP laws has widened the gender pay gap between women at childbearing … age and the rest of the population. We also reveal the role of TRAP laws in pushing these women out of the labor force … foreshadow the future landscape of gender inequality in the United States if Roe is overturned …

, earnings disparities and social care needs in old age. …

The share of low-income countries in global exports nearly tripled between 1990 and 2015, driven largely by the rapid … emergence of China as an exporting powerhouse. While research in economics had long acknowledged that trade with lower-income … countries could raise income inequality in Europe and the US, empirical estimates indicated only a modest contribution of trade …