This thesis consists of five independent chapters, studying how economic agents respond to unanticipated shocks. Chapter 1 shows that a well-intentioned policy can create unintended barrier to voting by creating seemingly small shocks to voting costs. Election administrators in Munich control...

Introduction -- Modified Fama-French Factors for REITs and the Impact of Short Selling -- Impacts of the Covid-19 Crisis on US Real Estate Investments: A Sectoral Performance and Spillover Analysis -- ESG Stocks in Times of Crisis: Evidence from US REITs During Covid-19 -- Summary and Conclusion...

This book examines the effect of Covid-19 on loan loss provisions (LLPs) and earnings management of European banks. Specifically, the author analyzes how the high flexibility offered by prudential authorities and standard setters in the context of Covid-19 affects banks’ use of discretion when...