been affected across six countries (China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, UK and US). We first document changes in income … changes to their lives, and overall they are less supportive of these measures. These patterns are less clear across income … groups: while some countries have managed to shield lower income individuals from negative consequences, others have not. We …

been affected across six countries (China, South Korea, Japan, Italy, UK and US). We first document changes in income … changes to their lives, and overall they are less supportive of these measures. These patterns are less clear across income … groups: while some countries have managed to shield lower income individuals from negative consequences, others have not. We …

children. In contrast, `flow estimates’ suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger, is as severe among adults as it …

children. In contrast, 'flow estimates' suggest that gender bias in mortality is much larger, is as severe among adults as it …

a 0.1 standard deviation increase in test scores, but only for girls. We show that a reason for the gender … water provision to narrow test score gaps across countries and, within countries, across gender. …

systems. In this study, we ask if high-stakes testing affects school-related stress among students and if there are gender … that high-stakes testing increases the gender gap in school-related stress. The results are robust to a range of …

the age of 50 by parental income for men. However, the longevity gains of men from low-income families seem to have come … disparities in mortality in Finland,where the tracking age was raised from 11 to 16 in the 1970s. We use a difference … at the cost of increased mortality among men who grew up in high-income families. This raises questions about the welfare …

insensitive to adjustments for employment selection, as well as time and age effects that vary by race and state-of-residence. The …